IFR Report: Top Robotics Trends Heading into 2020
國(guó)際機(jī)器人聯(lián)合會(huì)報(bào)告：邁向2020年的機(jī)器人大趨勢(shì)

From 2020 to 2022 almost 2 million new units of industrial robots are expected to be installed in factories around the world. New technology trends and market developments enable companies to react to changing requirements. The International Federation of Robotics shows top trends to innovate.

從2020年到2022年，預(yù)計(jì)全球工廠將安裝近200萬(wàn)臺(tái)新的工業(yè)機(jī)器人。新技術(shù)趨勢(shì)和市場(chǎng)發(fā)展使公司能夠?qū)Σ粩嘧兓男枨笞龀龇磻?yīng)。國(guó)際機(jī)器人聯(lián)合會(huì)（IFR）指出了主要的創(chuàng)新趨勢(shì)。

“Smart robotics and automation are vital to deal with new consumer trends, demand for product variety or challenges from trade barriers”, says Dr. Susanne Bieller, General Secretary of the IFR. “New technological solutions pave the way for more flexibility in production.”

IFR秘書長(zhǎng)Susanne Bieller博士表示：“智能機(jī)器人和自動(dòng)化對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)新的消費(fèi)趨勢(shì)、產(chǎn)品多樣化需求或貿(mào)易壁壘帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)至關(guān)重要。新技術(shù)解決方案為提高生產(chǎn)靈活性鋪平了道路。”

Simplification, Collaboration and Digitalization are key drivers that will benefit robot implementation.
簡(jiǎn)化、協(xié)作和數(shù)字化是采用機(jī)器人的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。

Robots get smarter   
機(jī)器人變得更聰明

Programming and installation of robots become much easier. How this looks in practice: Digital sensors combined with smart software allow direct teaching methods, so-called “Programming by Demonstration”. The task that the robot arm is to perform is first executed by a human: He literally takes the robot arm and hand-guides it through the movements. This data is then transformed by the software into the digital program of the robot arm. In future, machine learning tools will further enable robots to learn by trial-and-error or by video demonstration and self-optimize their movements.

機(jī)器人的編程和安裝變得更加容易。實(shí)際情況應(yīng)該是：數(shù)字傳感器與智能軟件相結(jié)合，可以采用直接的教學(xué)方法，即所謂的“演示編程”。機(jī)器人手臂要完成的任務(wù)首先由人來(lái)完成:他實(shí)際上抓住機(jī)器人手臂，用手引導(dǎo)它完成動(dòng)作。然后通過(guò)軟件將該數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械臂的數(shù)字程序。將來(lái)，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)工具將進(jìn)一步使機(jī)器人能夠通過(guò)反復(fù)試驗(yàn)或視頻演示來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)并自我優(yōu)化其運(yùn)動(dòng)。

Robots collaborate with workers
機(jī)器人與人協(xié)作

Human-robot collaboration is another important trend in robotics. With the ability to work in tandem with humans, modern robotic systems are able to adapt to a rapidly changing environment. The range of collaborative applications offered by robot manufacturers continues to expand. Currently, shared workspace applications are most common. Robot and worker operate alongside each other, completing tasks sequentially. Applications in which the human and the robot work at the same time on the same part are even more challenging. Research and Development (R&D) focuses on methods to enable robots to respond in real-time. Just like two human workers would collaborate, the R&D teams want them to adjust its motion to its environment, allowing for a true responsive collaboration. These solutions include voice, gesture and recognition of intent from human motion. With the technology of today, human-robot collaboration has already a huge potential for companies of all sizes and sectors. Collaborative operations will complement investments in traditional industrial robots.

人機(jī)協(xié)作是機(jī)器人技術(shù)的另一個(gè)重要趨勢(shì)。具有與人類協(xié)同工作的能力，現(xiàn)代機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)能夠適應(yīng)快速變化的環(huán)境。機(jī)器人制造商提供的協(xié)作應(yīng)用程序范圍不斷擴(kuò)大。當(dāng)前，共享工作區(qū)域應(yīng)用程序是最常見的。機(jī)器人和工人并肩工作，依次完成任務(wù)。人與機(jī)器人同時(shí)在同一地方工作的應(yīng)用更具挑戰(zhàn)性。研發(fā)主要致力于使機(jī)器人能夠?qū)崟r(shí)響應(yīng)的方法。就像兩個(gè)人協(xié)作一樣，研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)希望他們根據(jù)環(huán)境調(diào)整動(dòng)作，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的響應(yīng)式協(xié)作。這些解決方案包括語(yǔ)音、手勢(shì)和人類動(dòng)作意圖識(shí)別。借助當(dāng)今的技術(shù)，人機(jī)協(xié)作對(duì)于各種規(guī)模和行業(yè)的公司都具有巨大的潛力。協(xié)作運(yùn)營(yíng)將補(bǔ)充對(duì)傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)機(jī)器人的投資。

Robots Go Digital  
機(jī)器人邁向數(shù)字化

Industrial robots are the central components of digital and networked production as used in industry 4.0. This makes it all the more important for them to be able to communicate with each other - regardless of the manufacturer. The so called “OPC Robotics Companion Specification”, which has been developed by a joint working group of the VDMA and the Open Platform Communications Foundation (OPC), defines a standardized generic interface for industrial robots and enables industrial robots to connect into the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The digital connectivity of robots with e.g. cloud technology is also an enabler for new business models: Robot leasing for example - called Robots-as-a-Service - has advantages that might be especially attractive for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): no committed capital, fixed costs, automatic upgrades and no need for high-qualified robot operators.

工業(yè)機(jī)器人是工業(yè)4.0浪潮中使用的數(shù)字化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化生產(chǎn)的核心組件。對(duì)于他們而言，無(wú)論制造商是誰(shuí)，能夠彼此通信就顯得尤為重要。由VDMA和開放平臺(tái)通信基金會(huì)（OPC）聯(lián)合工作組開發(fā)的所謂的“ OPC機(jī)器人技術(shù)規(guī)范”定義了工業(yè)機(jī)器人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化通用接口，并使工業(yè)機(jī)器人能夠連接到工業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(IIoT)。機(jī)器人與云技術(shù)的數(shù)字連接也是新商業(yè)模式的推動(dòng)因素，例如，機(jī)器人租賃（所謂的“機(jī)器人即服務(wù)”）具有對(duì)中小型企業(yè)特別有吸引力的優(yōu)勢(shì)：不需要投入資本、固定成本、自動(dòng)升級(jí)，也不需要高素質(zhì)的機(jī)器人操作員。